Diabetes Melitus

Humans need to eat. Then the food can consist of carbohydrates, protein and fat. Glucose is a unit of the smallest units of carbohydrate. In the human body, glucose is used to form energy. If the task excess insulin, an enzyme in the human body, to store excess sugar in the blood to form reserves in the liver, muscles and other organs.

If the process takes place over a balanced, then the excess glucose in the human body will not cause disease. But if the low rate of insulin, or insulin is not produced, this can cause the rate of glucose accumulate in the blood, or more familiar with diabetes.

Diabetes, or who is known in medical terms with diabetes melitus, can be experienced by anyone, whether skinny or fat, either young or old, whether women or men. Diabetes melitus (hereinafter abbreviated DM), as well as other diseases, also cause symptoms. Symptoms are typical, or also called classic symptoms, and the symptoms are not typical.

Classic symptoms of DM include body weight decreased, many urine (poliuria), many drinking (polidipsi) and many meals (polifagi). Symptoms typically can not form pins, vision disturbances, itching, or interference ereksi leucorrhoea.
In addition, also found several factors that potentially lead to someone suffering from DM. These factors known to the DM risk factors, including:

1. age> 45 years
2. obesity
3. hypertension
4. DM family history
5. history birth to a baby with BB> 4kg
6. DM history at the time of pregnancy
7. sufferer PJK (coronary heart disease), TB, hipertiroidisme
8. The high rate of lipid

Based on the DM patofisiologinya divided into 2 types, namely DM DM type 1 and type 2 (the next will be discussed more). Type 1 DM caused damage of cells producing insulin are type 2 DM due to insulin resistance or decreasing insulin secretion. In addition to the two groups of DM was also known as DM other type (that is due to drugs, due to infection, as a result of immunology, etc.) and DM at the time of pregnancy.

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If someone has the symptoms above, or have risk factors, DM, it is advisable to check his blood sugar. Fasting blood sugar is normal is <110>
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How to enforce the diagnosis DM?
If someone has the classic symptoms of DM when the blood sugar ≥ 200 mg / dl or fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg / dl is only enough to enforce the DM diagnosis.
If the complaint is not typical, of 2 times need to check blood sugar, which indicates when the blood sugar ≥ 200 mg / dl or fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg / dl.

So what can be done if the terdiagnosa DM?
That must be done is to manage blood sugar in excess of our body

Why the management of blood sugar should be done?
This is done to prevent complications that may arise, both the complications of acute or chronic complications.

Acute complications include:
Hipoglikemi
Hipoglikemia symptoms:
* Hungry, nausea, blood pressure
* Weak, lethargic, difficult to talk
* Cold sweat

I realize with or without convulsions
Other complications of acute awareness of the decline is a sudden (fainting) or in terms of the medical condition known as the comma diabetikum.

Meanwhile, chronic complications can be the eyes (retinopati diabetikum), renal (kidney failure), persarafan (neuropati), digestion (diarrhea, constipation), the channel urine (disfungsi sexual), heart (heart failure) and ekstrimitas (ulkus)

When the management of blood sugar should be done?
As early as possible, as a sufferer after terdiagnosa DM

How the management of blood sugar that good?
This can be done in stages as follows:

1. Planning meals
Eat a balanced recommended by the composition of energy from carbohydrates 60-70%, 10-15% of protein, fat 20-25%.
Principles of planning food
* No food is prohibited, restricted only in accordance with the needs (not excess).
* Menu with the same family, the sugar in the spice is not prohibited.
* And in the regular schedule, the amount and type of food (3J)
Principles of the division of the portion of food a day-to-day
* Adjusted to eating habits and cultivated portions spread throughout the day.
* Recommended the portion of divided (3 large and 3 small):
1. -eat breakfast the morning distraction
2. lunch-eat lunch interval
3. dinner the night-eating distraction
(this is to prevent the occurrence of hipoglikemia particularly for the use insulin work long)

2. Physical exercise
Benefits of physical exercise:
* Lowers blood sugar (by reducing insulin resistance, improve insulin sensitivity)
* Lower weight
* Prevent Obesity
* Reduce the possibility of the occurrence of complications
Olaharaga that can be done among Jogging, run, swimming, cycling. Training is done should be done continuously, the selected-rhythmic muscle is contracting and expanding muscle relaxation regularly, is the lapse between the intermittent movement quickly and slow movement, for example: Jogging with a road, the road quickly with a slow road
And the exercise be carried out gradually according to the ability of the light intensity is up to 30-60 minutes. Training hendakanya done 3x in a week
The need to be taken before the start of training:
* Wearing shoes appropriate
* Give Feed food and liquid enough
* Make peregangan warming and the start and end during the 5-10 minutes
* Avoid the practice in the temperature is too hot / cold
Do not continue if there are symptoms hipoglikemia
Hipoglikemia strategy to avoid:
* Check blood glucose before and after exercise in kurn time of 30 minutes to Mengetahu blood sugar stable or not
* Training should be done 1-3 hours after eating

3. Using a medicine for blood sugar
Various types of drugs with different effects now can we find in the community. Gradually fields ranging from medicine to be the use of insulin. The use of insulin is usually done by people with type 1 DM, where insulin is not produced the body. Meanwhile, on type 2 DM, which is located on the defek insulin function is not in the amount of insulin, insulin use is usually done after the desired effect can not be achieved only by using drugs that drunk.

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